Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2010 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 8 Articles
: Various regulatory and structural proteins in myocardium found to be responsive to thyroid hormone. However, use of thyroid hormone is limited by cardiac effects. This study was undertaken to explore the cardioprotective action along with general toxicological impact induced by the 3, 5, 3’-triiodothyronine (T3) in a surgically developed hypothyroid female Wistar rats by administration of T3 at the dose of 2, 10, 20 & 40 µg/kg orally for 7 days. Increased alertness and locomotor activity was observed from 10µg/kg. Normalization of heart rate and body temperature was noticed at 10 and 20µg/kg dose of T3 treated hypothyroid rats when compared with normal rats. Low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total protein and creatinine levels were altered in T3 treated rats marked at 40µg/kg. Dose dependent higher heart weight was observed, with significant from 20µg/kg in comparisons with hypothyroid rat, however rat treated with 2 and 10µg/kg shown normal weight and is comparable with euthyroid rats. Myosin heavy chain alpha and beta gene expression ratio tend toward normalization at 10 and 20µg/kg and was comparable with normal rats. Histopathological examination of heart revealed mononuclear cells infiltration with of fibroblast proliferation at 10 and 20µg/kg. Based on the finding of restoration of cardiac function in terms of heart rate, heart weight, body temperature, myosin gene expression alpha and beta ratio and proliferation of fibroblast in heart tissue indicate T3 may be explored further in treatment of hypothyroidism by precise dose selection for cardiac protective function....
Diabetes is a most common disease in the developing country like India. People with diabetes may experience many serious, long-term complications. Diabetic nephropathy is more common among people with diabetes. So our aim of this study is to increase focus on diabetic nephropathy. Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy are sustained hyperglycemia, hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration, smoking, dyslipidemia, proteinuria levels, and dietary factors, such as the amount and source of protein fat in the diet. Diabetes produces qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the capillary basement membrane and this altered material undergoes accelerated glycosylation. Various mechanisms postulated is hyperglycemia causing hyperfiltration and renal injury and activation of cytokines. Hyperglycemia also may activate protein kinase C, which may contribute to renal disease and other vascular complications of diabetes. In addition to the renal hemodynamic alterations namely decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Detection of diabetic nephropathy screening for microalbuminuria and proteinuria. Treatment interventions in diabetic nephropathy include glycemic control, treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cessation of smoking, protein restriction, and renal replacement therapy. Multifactorial approach includes combined therapy targeting hyperglycemia, hypertension, microalbuminuria, and dyslipidemia....
As the desired LDL-C goals keep getting lowered, role of combination therapy with statins is emerging in clinical practice in the management of coronary artery disease. Hydroxychloroquine, a disease modifying antirheumatic drug in rheumatoid arthritis, offers beneficial lipid lowering effects along with other effects. In present study we evaluated the antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroxychloroquine and atorvastatin combination in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into five groups consisting of six rats each viz. group-1 (Normal), group-2 (hyperlipidemia control), group-3 atorvastatin (10mg/kg), group-4 hydroxycholorquine (200mg/kg) and group-5 (atorvastatin 10 mg/kg + hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/kg). Study drugs were administered orally once daily for 7 days. After 1 h of the administration of last dose of study drugs, Triton WR 1339 (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitonialy to groups 2 to 5 to induce hyperlipidemia. Serum lipid parameters like TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C were determined after 7 days of test drug administration. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and atorvastatin enhanced the antihyperlipidemic activity of atorvastatin as evidenced by reduction in serum TG (36% vs 32.5%), TC (32.2% vs 25%), LDL-C (51% vs 38.2%), VLDL-C (36.1% vs 32.5%) and increase in HDL-C (35.2% vs 26.5%). In addition to this the combination also reduced the atherogenic index (2.049) significantly (p<0.05) as compared to hyperlipidemia control group (5.083). Addition of hydroxychloroquine to atorvastatin enhances the antihyperlipidemic activity of atorvastatin in Triton WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemia in rats, with more pronounced effects on LDL-C....
The article aims to provide a comparative estimation of thiotriazoline’s and PBN’s neuroprotective effect on the outcome from experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. 60 Wistar rats were subjected to transient, middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n=10 each): (1) Control, (2) PBN, (3) Thiotriazoline. All rats were subjected to 90 minutes of MCA occlusion by insertion of a silicone-coated, 4-0 nylon monofilament via the external carotid artery. Investigated preparations were administered enteraly within 1 hr after operation. Functional deficits were quantified by daily neurological examinations (Garcia et al., 1995); rats’ behavior was quantified in the test of Passive Avoidance Conditioned Response (PACR). Infarct volume was assessed after 7 days. Nitrotyrosine value was measured after 3 days.PBN and thiotriazoline reduced total infarct volume by 36.8%, and 24.7%, respectively, relative to controls. PBN and thiotriazoline therapy reduced infarct volume in the basal ganglia. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, the infarct volume in the basal ganglia in rats treated with PBN was 24.2±6.2 mm3 and in rats treated with thiotriazoline, it was 18.2±4.8 mm3.PBN and thiotriazoline, caused major reduction of ischemic brain damage when administered in a single dose 60 min after onset of MCAO. This benefit was evident both histologically and neurologically in rats allowed to survive 7 d after the ischemic insult. Animals treated with thiotriazoline had the best neurological recovery, the fewest postoperative cognitive deficits, and the smallest infarct volume....
The use of herbs as medicine has grown in popularity in this country over the past decade, contributing to a $4.1 billion supplement industry. The popularity of herbs is due to several factors: they can be purchased without a prescription, a belief that \"natural\" products are safer and the knowledge that many of our modern drugs are derived from herbs. Toxicity can occur when a herb with unknown toxicity is consumed, incorrect identification leads to substitution of an innocuous herb with a toxic one, preparations are contaminated with toxic non-herbal compounds or when a herb potentiates the nephrotoxic effect of a conventional therapy. Renal injury has been reported in association with several herbs. The best known herb induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is aristolochic acid nephropathy. The condition is characterized by progressive interstitial nephritis, with a proportion of patients developing urothelial malignancies. The toxic compound is aristolochic acid (AA), recent evidence suggests that AA also contributes to the development of Balkan endemic nephropathy. The role of herbs has been postulated in the development of CKD in other parts of the developing world, especially amongst the rural population. Public awareness and regulation of use of herbal medicines are required to eradicate this entity from the community....
Ischemic reperfusion injury is a sequence of chemical events leading to cellular dysfunction and necrosis. A tissue is undergoing to ischemia can lead to cellular dysfunction by release of various mediators at a site of ischemic region, and when it is ended by the restoration of blood flow, a second series of injurious events ensue producing additional injury. Thus, whenever there is a transient decrease or interruption of blood flow the net injury is the sum of two components; the direct injury occurring during the ischemic period and the indirect or reperfusion injury that follows. In case of reperfusion injury, various consequent event follows like oxidative stress or oxygen paradox, leukocyte-endothelium interactions or platelet mediated reperfusion injury, calcium overload, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway etc. Complement may be also activated during reperfusion through the antibody-dependent classical pathway, the alternative pathway, or the MBL/MASP pathway....
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) mediated through small interfering RNA(siRNA) offers a novel therapeutic strategy based on the highly specific and efficient silencing of a target gene and has revolutionized the study of biological processes. The siRNA originate by dsRNA specific endonuclease activity of Dicer. Then it is incorporated into RISC(RNA induced silencing complex) which locates to specific site on the target mRNA and degrade it by endonuclease activity. siRNA are now novel tool to biologists to silence the gene at transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional level. In this review we have discussed detailed mechanism of RNAi and basic criteria of siRNA followed by aspects of therapeutic application, delivery into cells, hurdles and future prospects. siRNA libraries are also being recruited as novel tool in functional screening of genome. If further research make us enable to understand the different RNAi strategies to achieve thightly controlled gene regulation and expression, it will bring breakthrough advances in both basic and applied sciences....
Aim of present study was to explore the interaction potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra with Solanum xanthocarpum on antimicrobial activity. To derive possible magnitude of interaction at various combinations, Checkerboard microtitre test was performed and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Combination Index values (FICI) were used to analyze and compare the different combination effects between the herbs tested. The results showed that antibacterial effects of 80% ethanolic extract of both herbs against S abony, E. coli, B. Pumulus, P.aeruginosa, M. luteus were concentration dependant. Both the extracts showed significant (p< 0.01) antibacterial activity as compared to control. In present study two-fold serial dilution technique was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Solanum xanthocarpum extract (SXE) and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (LE) against the selected bacterial strains. The results revealed that the SXE have antibacterial effects against S abony, E. coli, B. Pumulus, P.aeruginosa, M. luteus at concentration levels of 750, 1000, 500, 750 and 500 µg/ml, respectively. While LE have antibacterial effects against S abony, E. coli, B. Pumulus, P.aeruginosa, M. luteus at concentration levels of 250, 500, 125, 500 and 250µg/ml, respectively. Results of checkerboard assays suggested that MIC of LE combined with SXE was remarkably decreased. Moreover, Bacterial susceptibility to SXE and LE was extremely improved by combination. FIC indices indicated the synergism between SXE and LE against S abony, E. coli, B. Pumulus, P.aeruginosa, M. luteus, with an FIC index of 0.583, 0.75, 0.562, 0.833 and 0.5 respectively. In conclusion, we suggest the combination of SXE and LE for the treatment of S abony, E. coli, B. Pumulus, P.aeruginosa, M. luteus may reduce the efficacious dose of SXE and LE alone and thus minimize the side-effects. Further clinical experiments are necessary to assess the potential for therapeutic application....
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